Conceptualizing, measuring, and training mental toughness in sport: Perspectives of master strength and conditioning coaches

Coaches are key stakeholders involved in creating a climate which athletes’ mental toughness (MT) can be developed. Although Master Strength and Conditioning (MSCC) spend substantial amount of time working with US collegiate athletes, no studies have investigated this elite group professionals’ opinions about MT. Using multiphase mixed-method design (Phase 1, N = 71; Phase 2, 28), study explored MSCCs’ perspectives on the conceptualization, measurement, training MSCCs value MT highly believe that it plays an important role competitive sports. However, majority participants were uncertain what constitutes primarily used anecdotally-based physical protocols to develop MT, they rarely assessed effectiveness those approaches using psychometrically-sound instruments. highlighted need prioritize evidence-based protocols. Resources required educate support their work development.