Computational-Intelligence-Based Spectrum-Sharing Scheme for NOMA-Based Cognitive Radio Networks

The integration of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology and cognitive radio networks (CRNs) promises to enhance the spectrum utilization efficiency 5G beyond-5G (B5G) mobile communication systems. In this article, a NOMA-based spectrum-sharing scheme is proposed for dual-hop CRNs in which primary transmitter separated by long distance from receiver communicates via CRN. scenario, we mathematically formulate constrained optimization problem maximize sum rate all secondary users (SUs) while maintaining total transmit power system. Inspired effectiveness computational intelligence (CI) tools solving non-linear problems, article proposes three CI-based solutions given aiming guarantee quality service (QoS) users. addition, an enhanced version classic artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, referred here as enhanced-artificial-bee-colony (EABC)-based allocation scheme, overcome limitations ABC. comparison different CI approaches illustrates that minimum required NOMA relay satisfy threshold 5 bit/s/Hz 20 mW EABC, ABC, PSO GA achieve same target at 23 mW, 27 32 respectively. Thus, EABC reduces consumption 13.95% compared 29.78% 46.15% power-saving achieved GA,