Complement Proteins as Soluble Pattern Recognition Receptors for Pathogenic Viruses

Recognition of Human Oncogenic Viruses by Host Pattern-Recognition Receptors

Human oncogenic viruses include Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Kaposi's associated sarcoma virus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. It would be expected that during virus-host interaction, the immune system would recognize these pathogens and eliminate them. However, through evolution, these viruses have developed a ...

Workshop on Pattern Recognition Proteins and Receptors

Introduction Innate immunity has a key role in combating microbial infections in all animals. The innate immune response is activated by receptors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize surface determinants that are conserved among microbes but are absent in the host, including components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), peptidoglycans (PGs) and mannans (Medzhitov & J...

Innate sensing of viruses by pattern recognition receptors in birds

Similar to mammals, several viral-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRR) have been identified in birds including Toll-like receptors (TLR) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR). Avian TLR are slightly different from their mammalian counterparts, including the pseudogene TLR8, the absence of TLR9, and the presence of TLR1La, TLR1Lb, TLR15, and TLR21. Avian TLR3 and...

[Pattern recognition receptors].

Immunity is based on self/nonself discrimination. In vertebrates, two major systems, innate and adaptive immune systems, constitute host defense against invading microbes. Adaptive immunity is characterized by specific immune responses through B- or T-cell antigen receptors that are generated by somatic recombination, whereas nonspecific responses to microbes had been accentuated in innate immu...

SnapShot: Pattern-Recognition Receptors