Comparing the Imperfect With the Imperfect

Comparing imperfect measures of exposure.

With the implication of dietary factors in the origin of many common diseases, there has been renewed interest in methods of dietary enquiry suitable for epidemiologic research (1-14). Validation of both new and old approaches proceeds, but under severe constraints. In the development of questionnaires, for example, the need may arise to compare two alternative, simple methods each to a referen...

Comparing the imperfect with the imperfect: the imprecise science of assessing the risk and benefits of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation.

Characterization for imperfect polarizers under imperfect conditions.

The principles for measuring the extinction ratio and transmittance of a polarizer are formulated by use of the principal Mueller matrix, which includes both polarization and depolarization. The extinction ratio is about half of the depolarization, and the contrast is the inverse of the extinction ratio. Errors in the extinction ratio caused by partially polarized incident light and the misalig...

Bargaining with Imperfect Enforcement

Bargaining with Imperfect Enforcement* The game-theoretic bargaining literature insists on non-cooperative bargaining procedure but allows 'cooperative' implementation of agreements. The effect of this is to allow free-reign of bargaining power with no check upon it. In reality, courts cannot implement agreements costlessly, and parties often prefer to use 'non-cooperative' implementation. We p...

Signaling with Imperfect Competition*

We analyze a duopoly model where …rms sell conspicuous goods to horizontallyand vertically-di¤erentiated consumers. These consumers care about both the intrinsic quality of the goods they purchase as well as the “social status”conveyed by these goods (namely, the social inference of their hidden wealth based on their purchase). Firms o¤er non-linear price and quality schedules that, in e¤ect, s...