Comparing the cognate effect in spoken and written second language word production

Abstract Cognates – words that share form and meaning between languages are processed faster than control words. However, is this facilitation effect merely lexical in nature or does it cascade to phonological/orthographic (i.e., sub-lexical) processes? This study compared cognate effects spoken typewritten production, which lexical, but not sub-lexical processes. Dutch–English bilinguals produced English names for pictures representing cognates either the modality. Onset latencies were shorter accuracy was higher vs. similar both modalities. Compared controls, total written modality with much cross-linguistic overlap, longer ones less overlap. Additionally, error analysis showed more affected by L1 interference controls. These results suggest two different effects: one at level.