Comparative Study of Spark-Ignited and Pre-Chamber Hydrogen-Fueled Engine: A Computational Approach

Hydrogen is a promising future fuel to enable the transition of transportation sector toward carbon neutrality. The direct utilization H2 in internal combustion engines (ICEs) faces three major challenges: high NOx emissions, severe pressure rise rates, and pre-ignition at mid loads. In this study, potential truck-size engine operated spark ignition (SI) pre-chamber (PC) mode was investigated. To mitigate rate with SI configuration, effects primary parameters on performance emissions were evaluated, including compression ratio (CR), air–fuel ratio, timing. simulations, severity evaluated based maximum (MPRR). Lower ratios assessed as means auto-ignition while enabling wider range operation. study showed that by lowering CR from 16.5:1 12.5:1, an indicated thermal efficiency 47.5% can be achieved 9.4 bar mean effective (IMEP) conditions. Aiming restrain maintaining good efficiency, growth ? examined under different CRs. simulated data suggested higher CRs require ?, due practical limitations boosting system, 4.0 set limit. At fixed timing, using 13.5 combined 3.33 resulted 48.6%. It found such lean conditions, exhaust losses high. Thus, advancing time possible solution. results demonstrated advantages where exceeding 50% very low level. Finally, optimized case used investigate effect PC. For current design PC, even though mixture lean, flame speed sufficiently burn charge without addition, PC work induced MPRR inside MC, leading increased tendency knock. operation also heat transfer lower compared mode. Consequently, needs further optimizations employed hydrogen applications.