Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy of Orthodontic Brackets Coated with Titanium Dioxide, Copper Oxide, and Hydroxyapatite-Silver Nanoparticles Against Streptococcus mutans

Background: The development of dental caries around orthodontic brackets is a common complication treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy stainless steel (SS) coated with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2-NPs), and hydroxyapatite silver (HA-SNPs) against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 20 were assigned four groups (n = 5, each group). One group served as no-intervention control group, remaining three underwent dip coating CuO-NPs, TiO2-NPs, HA-SNPs < 100 nm. number S. mutans colonies was counted after 24 h, one week, months. Data analyzed using Shapiro Wilk test, repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. Results: All exhibited similar properties 90 days trial (P > 0.05). Moreover, CuO-NPs had greater inhibitory effect than TiO2-NPs on h 0.007). However, not significantly different from that 0.259) or 0.224). Conclusions: Considering all coatings long term, types can be used coat prevent caries. due high cost difficult preparation slightly higher short-term, latter may preferred for purpose.