Collaborative Unmanned Vehicles for Inspection, Maintenance, and Repairs of Offshore Wind Turbines

Operations and maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) are challenging, with manual operators constantly exposed to hazardous environments. Due the high task complexity associated OWT, transition unmanned solutions remains stagnant. Efforts toward operations have been observed using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Underwater (UUVs) but limited mostly visual inspections only. Collaboration strategies between vehicles introduced several opportunities that would enable for OWT repair activities. There many papers reviews on collaborative UVs. However, most past reviewed UVs surveillance purposes, search rescue missions, agricultural This review aims present current capabilities (UVs) used in Inspection, Maintenance, Repair (IMR) operations. Strategies implement complex tasks their challenges discussed together solve localization navigation issues, prolong operation time, establish effective communication within IMR paper also briefly discusses potential failure modes approaches possible redundancy manage them. The herein will be use researchers technology providers identifying significant gaps hindered implementation full systems which impacts towards net zero strategy.