Cognition, Mood Disorders, and Sex Hormone

Cognition, mood disorders, and sex hormones.

Macaques (Macaca spp.) are useful models to evaluate effects of ovarian sex steroids and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on mood and cognitive function due to similarities to women in their reproductive and central nervous systems. The results of nonhuman primate studies support the hypothesis that estrogen mediates specific aspects of attention and memory, yet much work is neede...

Hormones, Mood and Cognition

Sex hormone replacement in disorders of sex development.

People with disorders of sex development (DSD) may have impaired sex steroid production or their gonads removed before, during or after adolescence, thus requiring hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to induce puberty and/or maintain secondary sexual characteristics, to optimize bone health, and to promote physical and social well-being. Oestrogens are usually used for this purpose in persons rea...

MOOD DISORDERS AND MEDICAL ILLNESS Mood Disorders and Allostatic Load

The brain controls both the physiologic and the behavioral coping responses to daily events as well as major stressors, and the nervous system is itself a target of the mediators of those responses through circulating hormones. The amygdala and hippocampus interpret what is stressful and regulate appropriate responses. The amygdala becomes hyperactive in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and...

Exercise, sarcopenia, cognition, and mood.

Sarcopenia is the decline in muscle mass that occurs with normal aging. Sarcopenia is a major cause of frailty, disability, and loss of independence in the elderly [1]. It is not a disease and is seen even in master athletes as they age. However, exercise can reverse many of the effects of sarcopenia, and even make elderly people stronger than sedentary young ones. Exercise is also known to hav...