منابع مشابه
Codon Pair Bias Is a Direct Consequence of Dinucleotide Bias.
Codon pair bias is a remarkably stable characteristic of a species. Although functionally uncharacterized, robust virus attenuation was achieved by recoding of viral proteins using underrepresented codon pairs. Because viruses replicate exclusively inside living cells, we posited that their codon pair preferences reflect those of their host(s). Analysis of many human viruses showed, however, th...
متن کاملTranslational Efficiency and Codon Pair Bias: Conflicting Interpretations
In a recent publication in the journal Bioinformatics, Boycheva et al. 6 describe an empirical predictor for the translational step-times of codon pairs that differs from an experimentally verified statistically-based predictor previously described by Gutman and Hatfield. Here we review the statistical and experimental foundations for the Gutman and Hatfield conclusions and compare them to thos...
متن کاملMore Codon Usage Bias
χ measure. In statistics, the χ statstic computes how different the distribution of values is from a uniform distribution. Let d = c1 . . . cN be a DNA string in nucleotide alphabet, and let L be the total number of codons in d that are not Methinine or Tryptophan (the number does include the stop codons though). Let a be a k-degenerate amino acid, and let La be the total number of codons codin...
متن کاملSelection on codon bias.
In a wide variety of organisms, synonymous codons are used with different frequencies, a phenomenon known as codon bias. Population genetic studies have shown that synonymous sites are under weak selection and that codon bias is maintained by a balance between selection, mutation, and genetic drift. It appears that the major cause for selection on codon bias is that certain preferred codons are...
متن کاملAttenuation of a very virulent Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) by codon pair bias deoptimization
Codon pair bias deoptimization (CPBD) has enabled highly efficient and rapid attenuation of RNA viruses. The technique relies on recoding of viral genes by increasing the number of codon pairs that are statistically underrepresented in protein coding genes of the viral host without changing the amino acid sequence of the encoded proteins. Utilization of naturally underrepresented codon pairs re...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology
سال: 2012
ISSN: 2324-9021
DOI: 10.4172/2324-9021.1000101