Cocoa breeding must take into account the competitive value of cocoa trees

Interactions between neighbouring plants in an ecosystem can lead to competition, even single-species stands. Genetic selection of perennial based on the individual values genotypes does not usually take into account interactions that develop over time. The purpose this study was ascertain whether effects competition might affect performance cacao tested long periods, and at what point those begin. Competition studied trees (Theobroma L) taking diameter their yields. trial design set up Côte d’Ivoire a factorial mating main genetic improvement programme. approach taken multivariate model 13 years data gathering, including genetic, spatial effects. results revealed gradual onset starting early production 4th year, when its effect became significant. It first affected growth then, 2 later, Depending years, were greatest. In strong it could 10 % annual variability, i.e. quarter variability explained by genetics. most vigorous always remained highly competitive high-yielding. will therefore be substantial with selections high-yielding individuals. “Group selection” somewhat average, less individuals would help maximize yield gains through combined group, rather than trees.