CO2 plume and pressure monitoring through pressure sensors above the caprock

• We present a generic CO 2 storage model to predict pressure changes above the caprock due fast hydraulic communication and partially undrained loading. The pore increase induced by loading is non-negligible, up 1% of in injection zone. Fast across usually results higher yet more gradual than that caused solely help understand signals measured four field projects. Commercial-scale development geological necessitates robust real-time monitoring methods track injected plume provide assurance storage. Pressure zone method detect potential leaks into overlying formations. with single injector both loading, latter often neglected reservoir simulation. simulation used compositional simulator coupled geomechanics solve poroelastic equations entire complex. show reach ?15 kPa within ?10 days followed decay time. This about Furthermore, are closely related advance plume. also include forward simulations considering presence of: fault either high or low permeability, poorly isolated abandoned well, leaky injector, second injector. Fluid flow through permeability paths favors ?one order magnitude higher, base case fully covering caprock. feasible technology plume, requires precision measurements, must account for interpret correctly field.