Co-financing mechanisms

Infrastructure Financing with Unbundled Mechanisms

1 During the last decade the role of the public sector in the financing of infrastructure projects has changed radically, both in developed and in emerging economies. On the one hand, budgetary constraints are now more restrictive. On the other hand, it is also widely accepted that the private management of public projects generates efficiency gains. 1 As a consequence, the role of the public s...

Peru SANBASUR Rural Sanitation Financing Mechanisms

CO-sensing mechanisms.

Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been known to have dramatic physiological effects on organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, but recently there have a number of suggestions that organisms might have specific sensors for CO. This article reviews the current evidence for a variety of proteins with demonstrated or potential CO-sensing ability. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular descri...

Risk Financing for Knowledge-Based Enterprises: Mechanisms and Policy Options*

New knowledge-based enterprises have several characteristics that limit their options for obtaining financing from external sources: they have little or no collateral, their assets tend to be intangible, and the value of their innovations is hard to calculate. For these reasons, entrepreneurs in the more knowledge-intensive fields tend to rely largely on equity financing. This is a more “patien...

The Kinetics and Mechanisms of Substitution Reactions of Trans-[Co(en)2CNCl]+ in Binary Mixed Solvent

The kinetics and mechanisms of the substitution reactions of trans-[Co(en)2CNCl]+ with unidentate anions,  , CN¯, I¯,  , Br¯ and SCN¯ in 60% v/v DMF-H2O binary solvent at 40.0±0.2 °C were studied spectrophotometrically. An Id mechanism was assigned for the replacement of chlorine by , CN¯ and I¯, an Ia one for...