Citizenship and Religious Freedoms in Post-Revolutionary Egypt

The majority of the social and political forces that spearheaded actively participated in 2011 2013 waves uprisings catapulted demands to reestablish ‘citizenship’ as one main foundations a new contract aiming at redefining state–society relations Egypt. Meanwhile, concept citizenship has been increasingly featured discourse practice wide variety state actors institutions. In fact, Egypt’s experiences with modern nation-state project concerning conceptualization citizenship, subsequent implications on religious freedoms role religion polity large, gone through various ebbs flows since beginning 20th century. such faced plethora challenges affected by socioeconomic trajectories during Nasser, Sadat, Mubarak, and, most recently, Sissi regimes. Dilemmas geographical disparities uneven access resources services, addition issues discrimination against ethnic minorities Coptic Christians, Shiites, Nubians, Bedouins, or basis gender, are among accompanying features neoliberal order was introduced then consolidated first Sadat’s Open Door Mubarak’s state-withdrawal policies, respectively. To what extent did conception rights freedoms—as defined non-state actors—change after demise Mubarak regime? addition, is Egyptian civil society vis-a-vis this process conceptualizing and/or practicing Egypt? Focusing aforementioned questions, paper aims shedding some light changing post 2011, while also highlighting impact sociopolitical economic ramifications witnessed within scope liberties whole.