Chromium in Water and Carcinogenic Human Health Risk
نویسندگان
چکیده
Understanding the extent of human health risks with an emphasis on carcinogenesis development attributable to potentially toxic chemicals is critical effective prevention and mitigation strategies. Chromium (Cr), mainly hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), a chemical associated cancer when found in drinking water, making it major public issue. This study assessed possible carcinogenic risk among general population due exposure total or chromium. We performed systematic review international scientific literature, according Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol determine mortality morbidity. In total, 76 articles were checked eligibility, 13 which included final review. Only from January 2000 November 2022 published PubMed included. Data both epidemiological ecological studies (Relative Risk Rate Ratio—RR Standardized Mortality Rate—SMR) case (Lifetime Cancer Risk—LCR, Incremental Lifetime Risk—ILCR, Risk—CR, Hazard Quotient—HQ, Index—HI, Health Assessment—HRA, Disability-Adjusted Life Year—DALY, Chronic Daily Intake Index—CDI) overall assessment carcinogenicity population. According most articles, there credible evidence that via water indicated as contributor global burden humans. Some them emphasize malignant neoplasms lung, liver, stomach, genitourinary system. Although index data are based limited number samples, they raise concerns about possibility increase degree carcinogenesis. However, significant limitations lack information dose duration target group. Further research involving extensive analysis association two variables needed, depends more complete extraction advanced methodologies.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environments
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2076-3298']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10020033