Chiral symmetry breaking and entropy production in Dean vortices

In toroidal pipes, the secondary flow in cross section is a mirror symmetric pair of counter-rotating axially oriented Dean vortices. This symmetry broken helical pipes. We investigate detail breaking these flows going from to geometries. quantify degree by calculating both an (i) order-parameter − 1 ≤ χ that measures net integrated chirality vortices and (ii) entropy production due viscous shear forces convection for as number pitch helix are varied. prove convective processes always greater than shear, stationary incompressible absence body forces. For same pipe radius curvature, fluid density, viscosity, entrance flows, vortex state minimized conduits (for given number) with respect pipes (zero pitch). The dissipation decreases geometry, while chiral order parameter tends = ± finite values decreased.