Chemical profile and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol extract from peels of four Durio zibethinus L. varieties

Durio zibethinus L. (durian) belongs to the Malvaceae family. It is known as “King of Tropical Fruit” because its unique characteristics. The edible part durian, however, only about 33% fruit while non-edible parts such seed and peels (rinds) are considered waste responsible for environmental pollution. Thus, present study was carried out compare percentage yields volatile components from methanol extract essential oils four varieties durian (Raja Kunyit [D197], Hajah Hasmah [D168], Sultan [D24], Golden Bun [D13]). antimicrobial activity all extracts their chemical constituents were also evaluated. Cold maceration used solvent (methanol) extraction. oil extraction using hydro-distillation solvent-free microwave (SFME) methods. evaluated against selected microbes well diffusion method characterization in crude methanolic gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). highest obtained D24 which 0.030% 0.014% SFME extraction, respectively, most significant (p < 0.05) yield (8.79%) D197. From GC–MS analysis, butanoic acid major compound durians Besides acid, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-heptadecene varieties. D168 possesses strong three bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). More novel techniques, bioactivity assays, are, recommended further explore potential benefits peels.