منابع مشابه
Cheaters in mutualism networks.
Mutualism-network studies assume that all interacting species are mutualistic partners and consider that all links are of one kind. However, the influence of different types of links, such as cheating links, on network organization remains unexplored. We studied two flower-visitation networks (Malpighiaceae and Bignoniaceae and their flower visitors), and divide the types of link into cheaters ...
متن کاملCheaters must prosper: reconciling theoretical and empirical perspectives on cheating in mutualism.
Cheating is a focal concept in the study of mutualism, with the majority of researchers considering cheating to be both prevalent and highly damaging. However, current definitions of cheating do not reliably capture the evolutionary threat that has been a central motivation for the study of cheating. We describe the development of the cheating concept and distill a relative-fitness-based defini...
متن کاملLimiting cheaters in mutualism: evidence from hybridization between mutualist and cheater yucca moths.
Mutualisms are balanced antagonistic interactions where both species gain a net benefit. Because mutualisms generate resources, they can be exploited by individuals that reap the benefits of the interaction without paying any cost. The presence of such 'cheaters' may have important consequences, yet we are only beginning to understand how cheaters evolve from mutualists and how their evolution ...
متن کاملDealing with Cheaters in Anonymous Peer-to-Peer Networks
As anonymous peer-to-peer file sharing networks transition from intellectual curiosity to societal reality, their long-term viability is seriously threatened by cheaters. A cheater either consumes resources without producing them (a freeloader), or advertises valuable content, but ultimately delivers that which is useless (a spoofer). In both cases, the cheater realizes some benefit from his ac...
متن کاملDetecting cheaters.
11 Nitsche, M.A. et al. (2003) Facilitation of implicit motor learning by weak transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex in the human. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15, 619–626 12 Iyer, M.B. et al. (2005) Safety and cognitive effect of frontal DC brain polarization in healthy individuals. Neurology 64, 872–876 13 Kincses, T.Z. et al. (2004) Facilitation of probabilistic classific...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Biology Letters
سال: 2010
ISSN: 1744-9561,1744-957X
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.1021