Characterizing the effects of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles released from painted surfaces due to weathering on zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)

Silver (nAg) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are common engineered (ENPs) added into paint for their antimicrobial whitening properties, respectively. Weathering of outdoor painted surfaces can release such ENPs, though little is known about the potential effects released ENPs on aquatic species. The objective this study was to characterize toxicity nAg nTiO2 from panels using fish liver cells (CRL2643) zebrafish embryos (OECD 236 embryotoxicity test). Cells were exposed suspensions pristine or nTiO2, (unpainted with nTiO2) base paint, after sonication. Cell viability gene expression assessed resazurin assay qPCR, respectively, while embryo mortality deformities scored visually via microscopic examination. In cell studies, both paint-released did not affect viability, but resulted in differential a few genes including gclc ncf1. embryos, increased incidence deformities, whereas several gclc, ncf1, txnrd1, gpx1b, cyp1c1 without major phenotypic abnormalities. Comparing two types exposures, exposures affected molecular (gene expression) apical (embryotoxicity) endpoints, some had no effects. differing nanoparticle suggest that further research needed understand how coatings (and products weathering aging) may influence organisms.