Characterizing and Mitigating Telluric Absorption in Precise Radial Velocities. II. A Study of an M2-type Star

Abstract Telluric absorption lines impact the measuring of precise radial velocities (RVs) from high-resolution ground-based spectrographs. In this paper, we simulate dependence on stellar spectral type and extend work first paper in series, which studied a G-type star, to synthetic M-dwarf star. We quantify bias RV measurements visible near-infrared (NIR) presence tellurics simulated set observations. find that RVs are more impacted by compared stars. Specifically, for an can induce errors up 16 cm s −1 red optical excess 220 NIR. For G dwarf, comparable systematics 3 240 attribute relative increase stars increased concordance wavelength between telluric Doppler information content. compare results our simulation data collected Barnard’s star iSHELL spectrograph at NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. This study was conducted as follow-up probe mission concept EarthFinder.