Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils from Four Wild Taxa of Lamiaceae Family Growing in Apulia

Four taxa of the Lamiaceae family growing in Apulia (Clinopodium suaveolens, Satureja montana subsp. montana, Thymbra capitata, and Salvia fruticosa thomasii) that had not been previously studied for their potential use food sector, were analyzed essential oils (EOs) composition antioxidant antimicrobial properties against some microorganisms, isolated from bread bakery products, including molds (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti) spore-forming bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus subtilis). Two different sites considered each plant species, strongest EOs, which active all microorganisms tested, those one S. sample (Sm2) both T. capitata EOs (Tc1 Tc2) with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging between 0.093% 0.375% (v/v) molds, while higher registered (0.75–1%). In particular, biological activity was maybe due to high amount thymol carvacrol, also responsible highest activity. thomasii chemical profiles but showed only a slight antibacterial effect no antifungal C. suaveolens significant changes an interesting (MIC 0.093%÷0.187% v/v), may be presence pulegone. These species can as promising sources bioactive compounds exploited biopreservatives products mainly considering low concentration needed inhibit microorganism’s growth.