Characterisation and adsorption properties of calcinated eggshell, salicylic acid-modified eggshell, and 2, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid-modified eggshell

This study synthesised eggshell waste, an agricultural by-product, into a calcinated porous material modified by salicylic acid as new and effective adsorbent for remediation of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The impregnation onto the surface egg-shell improved adsorption property eggshell. Furthermore, it was found that acid-modified egg-shell; (SAL-E) has highly developed functionalised rich pore compared to investigated FTIR BET analysis, respectively. Moreover, area SAL-E composite be 6.65 m2g−1 which is six times more than eggshell; (E-500). procreated showed superior towards copper heavy metal 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic (DHB-E). results Langmuir up 177.74 mgg−1 four maximum occurred at pH 7. efficiency removal wastewater directly related pH, temperature, contact time. spectroscopy affirmed vital functional groups engaged in uptake – wastes, were hydroxyl group, carboxyl, carbonyl, C = aromatic ring via Cu(II)−π interaction. FTIR, Raman, UV DRS evaluations proclaimed introduction can rendered emplacements binding Cu (II). this displayed accept, pseudo-second-order, isotherm, intraparticle diffusion, indicating mechanism chemical process physisorption some extent. thermodynamic parameters such ΔG0, ΔH0, ΔS0 estimated all materials.