منابع مشابه
Change in aerosol composition since preindustrial times
Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times K. Tsigaridis, M. Krol, F. J. Dentener, Y. Balkanski, J. Lathière, S. Metzger, D. A. Hauglustaine, and M. Kanakidou Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Voutes, Heraklion, Greece Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands JRC, Ins...
متن کاملAnthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times
A global three-dimensional model of tropospheric hemistry is used to investigate the changes in tropospheric 03 and OH since preindustrial times as a result of fuel combustion and industry, biomass burning, and growth in atmospheric CH 4. Model results indicate a 63% increase of the global tropospheric 03 burden from preindustrial times to present (80% and 50% in the northern and southern hemis...
متن کاملEstimating Changes in Global Temperature since the Preindustrial Period
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process agreed in Paris to limit global surface temperature rise to ‘well below 2◦C above pre-industrial levels’. But what period is ‘pre-industrial’? Somewhat remarkably, this is not defined within the UNFCCC’s many agreements and protocols. Nor is it defined in the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) in the evaluation of when...
متن کاملClimate response to the increase in tropospheric ozone since preindustrial times:
The reliance on global mean radiative forcing as an index of climate change is questionable for highly inhomogeneous forcing agents such as tropospheric ozone or aerosols. Using a general circulation model, we have carried out a pair of equilibrium climate simulations with previously calculated present-day and preindustrial ozone distributions. We show that the radiative forcing of 0.49 W m-2 d...
متن کاملAdaptation to Climate Change in Preindustrial Iceland
We investigate the effect of climate change on population growth in 18th and 19th century Iceland. We find that a year 1◦C cooler than average drives down population growth rates by 0.57% in each of the next two years, for a total effect of 1.14%. We also find that 18th and 19th century Icelanders adapt to prolonged changes in climate: these adaptations take about 20 years and reduce the short ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
سال: 2006
ISSN: 1680-7324
DOI: 10.5194/acp-6-5143-2006