منابع مشابه
Obstructive sleep apnea and retinal microvascular characteristics: a brief review
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes intermittent nocturnal hypoxemia and is associated with obesity, diabetes, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension, possibly leading to microand macro-vascular disease. OSA has been associated with higher risk of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of traditional risk factors and severity of atherosclerosis. Microvascular diseas...
متن کاملSleep apnea and heart failure: Part II: central sleep apnea.
In the first part of this 2-part review, we provided a synopsis of the cardiovascular effects of normal sleep and an overview of the diagnostic, pathophysiological, and therapeutic implications of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the setting of heart failure (HF). In this second part, we turn our attention to central sleep apnea (CSA), commonly referred to as Cheyne-Stokes respiration. This bre...
متن کاملObstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review
Obstructive Sleep apnoea is a medical disorder that occurs irrespective of age. It is seen more in overweight middleage males. Strained respiration, decreased blood oxygen levels, and arousals that interrupt a normal sleep pattern are features of this syndrome. Obstructions in OSA occur at the oropharynx, and sometime in nasopharynx. Hypertrophied adenoids are a commonly cause obstruction of th...
متن کاملWhat is central sleep apnea?
Central sleep apnea (CSA) describes a group of conditions in which cessations in air flow occur without respiratory effort. In contrast, obstructive sleep apnea patients have ongoing respiratory effort during respiratory events. However, considerable overlap exists in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of obstructive sleep apnea and CSA. A good working knowledge of the mechanisms underl...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Current Pulmonology Reports
سال: 2019
ISSN: 2199-2428
DOI: 10.1007/s13665-019-0221-z