Cefotaxime-Induced Encephalopathy in an Uremic Patient

Cephalosporin-induced encephalopathy in uremic patients.

Uremic Encephalopathy

Patients with renal failure often have signs and symptoms related to fluid and electrolyte disturbances, anemia, malnutrition, bone disease and gastrointestinal problems. One of those complications is the uremic encephalopathy. With the introduction of dialysis and renal transplantation, the incidence and severity of uremic encephalopathy have declined, but many patients fail to fully respond t...

Mechanisms underlying uremic encephalopathy.

In patients with renal failure, encephalopathy is a common problem that may be caused by uremia, thiamine deficiency, dialysis, transplant rejection, hypertension, fluid and electrolyte disturbances or drug toxicity. In general, encephalopathy presents with a symptom complex progressing from mild sensorial clouding to delirium and coma. This review discusses important issues regarding the mecha...

Nicorandil-Induced Hyperkalemia in a Uremic Patient

Nicorandil is an antianginal agent with nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties. After activation of potassium channels, potassium ions are expelled out of the cells, which lead to membrane hyperpolarization, closure of voltage-gated calcium channels, and finally vasodilation. We present a uremic case suffering from repeated junctional bradycardia, especially befor...

Renal (uremic) encephalopathy in a goat.

Renal encephalopathy was diagnosed in a 2-year-old male boar goat with a history of chronic weight loss and ataxia. Histopathological examination of the brain revealed a striking myelin vacuolation distributed mainly in two patterns: (i) along the junction of the neocortex and corona radiata, and (ii) in the bundles of the internal capsule as it dissects through the basal nuclei. The kidneys ha...