Cause and Effect

Establishing Cause and Effect

Reasoning with Cause and Effect

This paper summarizes concepts, principles, and tools that were found useful in applications involving causal modeling. The principles are based on structural-model semantics, in which functional (or counterfactual) relationships, representing autonomous physical processes are the fundamental building blocks. The paper presents the formal basis of this semantics, illustrates its application in ...

Cause and effect in biology.

Distinguishing between cause and effect

We describe eight data sets that together formed the CauseEffectPairs task in the Causality Challenge #2: Pot-Luck competition. Each set consists of a sample of a pair of statistically dependent random variables. One variable is known to cause the other one, but this information was hidden from the participants; the task was to identify which of the two variables was the cause and which one the...

Cause and Effect in Biology

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