Causality of circular supply chain management in small and medium-sized enterprises using qualitative information: a waste management practices approach in Indonesia

Abstract Circular supply chain management (CSCM) is a promising way to achieve economic and environmental sustainability address the waste problem. However, developing fully circular system costly time-consuming, especially for small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs need better CSCM by implementing practices. This study aims (1) critically validate hierarchical structure of SMEs; (2) identify causal interrelationships among attributes; (3) determine practical attributes SME improvement in Indonesia. An approach consisting fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), best worse (BWM), decision-making trial evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) designed fulfill objectives this study. The results show implementation that benefit through performance gains. Waste practices product design are aspects; particular, support building as an alternative. criteria provide insights Indonesia eco-design, sustainable design, green technology, treatment capability, designing environment.