Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-oil from Ulva lactuca using Amberlyst-15 Catalyst: Experimental and Kinetic Model

Catalytic pyrolysis of Ulva lactuca macroalgae was studied over Amberlyst-15 catalyst at temperature 400, 500, and 600 oC. The comparison between catalytic non-catalytic in the conversion determined. Intriguingly, it found that improved bio-oil production efficiency. highest yield 29.54 wt% achieved oC with presence an catalyst. Furthermore, could enhance gas by 73.88%. It be attributed due to promote more small molecules are volatile through a cracking process. Elemental functional groups pyrolytic bio-oils were identified via GC-MS analysis. acidity structure significantly affected distribution product components, especially formation aromatic hydrocarbons, 27.78% relative yield. first-order kinetic model showed hydrocarbons follows Arrhenius law.