Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: From an Infection Prevention Perspective

Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: From an Infection Prevention Perspective

A cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) is indicated for patients with severely reduced ejection fraction or with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Infection related to a CIED is one of the most feared complications of this life-saving device. The rate of CIED infection has been estimated to be between 2 and 25; though evidence shows that this rate continues to rise with increasing e...

Cardiac implantable electronic device infection: formidable, frustrating, and increasingly frequent.

Infective endocarditis and the pacemaker: cardiac implantable electronic device infection.

We are seeing more implantation of cardiac device such as pacemakers and defibrillators and also cardiac implantable electronic device infection. The infection may affect just the pocket site or progress to deeper infection and bacteraemia. Inadequately treated infection may lead to right sided endocarditis, cardiotomy for pacemaker explantation and increased cost and length of stay in the hosp...

Perioperative management for the prevention of bacterial infection in cardiac implantable electronic device placement

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have become important in the treatment of cardiac disease and placement rates increased significantly in the last decade. However, despite the use of appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis, CIED infection rates are increasing disproportionately to the implantation rate. CIED infection often requires explantation of all hardware, and at times results...

Guidelines for the diagnosis, management and prevention of implantable cardiac electronic device infection.