Carbon-Free Electricity Generation in Spain with PV–Storage Hybrid Systems

Climate change motivated by human activities constitutes one of the main challenges this century. To cut carbon emissions in order to mitigate carbon’s dangerous effects, current energy generation mix should be shifted renewable sources. The drawback these technologies is their intermittency, which will require storage systems fully integrated into mix, allowing them more controllable. In recent years, great progress develop an effective and economically feasible systems, particularly rise demand for electric transportation, has been made. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery prices have fallen near 90% over past decade, making possible affordability vehicles transforming economics energy. work, a study on capacity previously presented as conference paper expanded, including deep analysis Spanish evaluation requirements different low-carbon carbon-free scenarios Mainland Spain, calculation CO2 emissions’ reduction associated costs.