Carbon-based SERS biosensor: from substrate design to sensing and bioapplication

Abstract The sensing of bioactive molecules based on photochemical techniques has become one the fastest-growing scientific fields. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a highly sensitive technique for detection low-concentration molecules, including DNA, microRNA, proteins, blood, and bacteria; single-cell identification; bioimaging; disease diagnosis, providing abundant structural information biological analytes. One rapidly developing field SERS biosensor design use carbon-based nanomaterials as substrate materials, such zero-dimensional carbon quantum dots, one-dimensional nanotubes, two-dimensional graphene, graphene oxide (GO) three-dimensional spatial or core-shell nanostructures. In this review, we describe recent developments in biosensors, particular SERS, molecules. We systematically survey nanomaterial-based focusing fundamental principles materials design, fabrication, operation, provide insights into their growing future potential fields biomedical engineering, situ analysis, quantitative flexible photoelectric functional materials. As such, review can play role roadmap to guide researchers toward concepts that be used next-generation biosensors while also highlighting current advancements field.