Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics, and CO2 Efflux in the Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil Treated with Chemically Modified Organic Amendments

In Saudi Arabia, more than 335,000 tons of cow manure is produced every year from dairy farming. However, the usually added to agricultural soils as raw or composted manure; significant nitrogen losses occur during storage, handling, and application manure. The recovery ammonia through thermochemical treatments a promising technique obtain concentrated fertilizer reducing byproduct effluents process are characterized by different chemical properties original thus, its impact soil amendments on carbon dynamics unknown. Therefore, 90-day incubation experiment was conducted study these CO2 efflux, organic C, microbial biomass available NH4+, NO3− when soil. addition two types (produced at pH 9 12), (CM), (CMC), biochar (CMB), control were used for comparison. CM resulted in considerable increase compared other treatments. Cow showed lowest efflux. Cumulative effluxes lower CM; this possibly due relatively high C:N ratio effluent. content P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn decreased time increased. Soil C treated with (pH 12 7) significantly higher rest control.