منابع مشابه
Can punishment maintain sex?
Individuals who reproduce asexually have a two-fold advantage over their sexually-reproducing counterparts as they are able to reproduce twice as fast. Explaining why sexual reproduction is favoured over asexual reproduction therefore remains an important challenge in evolutionary biology. Various mechanisms involving resistance to parasites, adaptation to novel environments and helping to purg...
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One of important subject and discussion issue in medical sciences that caused occurrence of new legal and jurisprudence issues in the society, is sex reassignment surgery (SRS). Although in the past, these discussions have been existed more or less, nowadays due to technological progress and medical science achievements, new aspects of this subject have emerged. Despite different views concerni...
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A number of experimental studies have shown that the opportunity to punish anti-social behavior increases cooperation levels when agents face a social dilemma. Using a public good experiment, I show that in the presence of counter-punishment opportunities cooperators are less willing to punish free riders. As a result, cooperation breaks down and groups have lower earnings in comparison to a tr...
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The evolution of cooperation is one of the great puzzles in evolutionary biology. Punishment has been suggested as one solution to this problem. Here punishment is generally defined as incurring a cost to inflict harm on a wrong-doer. In the presence of punishers, cooperators can gain higher payoffs than non-cooperators. Therefore cooperation may evolve as long as punishment is prevalent in the...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Oikos
سال: 2007
ISSN: 0030-1299
DOI: 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16271.x