Ca ²⁺ as cofactor of the mitochondrial H ⁺ ‐translocating <scp> F ₁ F _O ‐ATP </scp> (hydrol)ase

Abstract The mitochondrial F 1 O ‐ATPase in the presence of natural cofactor Mg 2+ acts as enzyme life by synthesizing ATP, but it can also hydrolyze ATP to pump H + . Interestingly, be replaced Ca , only sustain hydrolysis and not synthesis. When inserts torque generation built chemomechanical coupling between rotating central stalk was reported unable drive transmembrane flux within However, failed translocation is consistent with oligomycin‐sensitivity ‐dependent ‐ATP(hydrol)ase. New roles energy transduction are suggested recent advances. Accordingly, structural distortion driven sustained permeability transition pore signal propagation pathway. ‐activated ‐ATPase, forming pore, may contribute dissipate gradient created same complex.