Bulk-driven current conveyor optimization using simulation-based method

This paper presents the optimization of a novel low-voltage (LV) and low-power (LP) bulk driven current conveyor (CCII). For bulk-driven circuits, transistors are biased at subthreshold regime for LV LP operation. In contrast, input differential stage controlled from terminals to achieve rail-to-rail voltage range. A simulation-based technique is adapted optimal design LV-LP CCII, using single-objective particle swarm (PSO) algorithm. It designed CMOS 0.18 μm technology operate 0.3 V have power consumption 37 nW. Optimization results also process/temperature corner confirm correct operation circuit.