Budget Transparency and Fiscal Discipline: An Evaluation on Emerging Economies

Fiscal Transparency

It is widely believed that fiscal transparency has large and positive effects on fiscal performance. According to the IMF, “transparency in government operations is widely regarded as an important precondition for macroeconomic fiscal sustainability, good governance, and overall fiscal rectitude” (Kopits & Craig (1998, p. 1)). Indeed, both the IMF and the OECD are currently developing Codes of ...

Nanotoxicology : An Emerging Discipline

Nanotoxicology refers to the study of the interactions of nanostructures with biological systems with an emphasis on elucidating the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of nanostructures with induction of toxic biological responses. Nanotoxicology is aimed at providing information on the potential toxicological effects, risk assessment and safety evaluation of nanostructur...

Toxicogenomics: an emerging discipline.

Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] THE aim of th is s tudy was to dete rm ine phenotypic dif ferences w hen BCG in vades m acrophage s . Bacilli prepared from the sam e BCG prim ary seed, but produced in dif ferent culture m edia , w ere analysed w ith respect to th e ability to s tim ulate m acrophages and the susceptibility to tr eatm ent w ith cytokine s and n itr ic ox ide (N...

Software architecture - perspectives on an emerging discipline

Naturopathic oncology: An emerging discipline

Daniel Rubin, ND Dr. Rubin is a consultant and practicing physician of oncology and integrative medicine. He is the past medical director for the Being Alive Wellness Center and the medical program of AIDS Project Arizona. In 1999 he helped found the Aidan Cancer Treatment Center and was medical director and director of clinical research. Rubin is also the founding president of the Oncology Ass...