Bubble entrainment in breaking wind waves

Air entrainment and bubble statistics in breaking waves

Bubble entrainment by breaking waves and their influence on optical scattering in the upper ocean

Breaking waves at the ocean’s surface inject bubbles and turbulence into the water column. During periods of rough weather the scales of wave breaking will increase with increasing sea states and result in mixing of the surface waters and the turbulent transport of bubbles to depth. Depending on their concentrations and size distribution, the entrained bubbles can significantly change the optic...

Bubble Clouds in Coastal Waters and Their Role in Air-Water Gas Exchange of CO2

Bubbles generated by breaking waves can drive significant gas exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, but the role of bubble-mediated gas transfer in estuaries is unknown. Here, backscatter data from 41 acoustic Doppler current profiler stations was analyzed to assess subsurface bubble distributions in nine estuaries along the U.S. East and Gulf Coast. Wind speed, wind direction, and current...

Hydraulic jumps: turbulence and air bubble entrainment

-A free-surface flow can change from a supercritical to subcritical flow with a strong dissipative phenomenon called a hydraulic jump. Herein the progress and development in turbulent hydraulic jumps are reviewed with a focus on hydraulic jumps operating at large Reynolds numbers typically encountered in natural streams and hydraulic structures. The key features of the turbulent hydraulic jumps...

Numerical simulation of bubble formation by breaking waves in turbulent two-phase Couette flow