Breeding Strategies for Historically Important Plant Pathogens -A Holistic Approach

Fungi, bacteria, mycoplasma, Spiroplasma, virus, viroid, phanerogamic plant parasites, and other macro pests are all agents, which lead to suffering of plants, this effects the tropic levels above producers who feeding on them for survival. Science pathology shouldn’t be confined humans itself (I mean understanding human diseases), it’s equally important that science must given equal importance as medicine. We have seen many epiphytotic in past, Irish famine led death approx 1 million people migration 1.5 Irish, chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease, lethal yellowing coconut (in Caribbeans south America), powdery mildew, downy mildew (Europe especially UK France), rusts etc. These incidents past made us realize how its concern towards crop protection orelse die out food or may disturb ecology by eliminating a species was about happen chestnut. Hence responsibility pathologists serve humanity way doctors health. emerged methods deal with pathogens being course history discovered different controlling include agronomic cultural methods, botanical sand then make chemical method advanced, chemistry revolutionized however chemicals were used ancient antiquity i.e., Homer suggested use Sulphur far back 1000 BC Tillet Prevost copper sulphate smuts. However, after World War 2 increased accelerated rate. Apart from using (Sulphur PM, Bordeaux mixture DM, Copper Sulphate Smut – history). Keeping these apart, 19th century ending till 20th middle emergence genetics improvements breeding gave new technology disease resistant plants. And ending, biotechnology, coming together biotechnology enabled further plants easily. The 5th generation includes markers pyramiding genes, MABC transfer genes governing biotic stress resistance wild into agronomically desirable cultivated (introgression), best classic example Xa21, xa5 xa13 Pusa Basmati making it Improved 1. Even conventional still major develop selection, introduction, hybridization review article is very holistic manner historic strategies employed improve rusts, Panama wilt, Coffee rust, bacterial blight rice