Brain tissue responses to ischemia

Brain tissue responses to ischemia.

The brain is particularly vulnerable to ischemia. Complete interruption of blood flow to the brain for only 5 minutes triggers the death of vulnerable neu-rons in several brain regions, whereas 20–40 minutes of ischemia is required to kill cardiac myocytes or kidney cells. In part, the prominent vulnerability of brain tissue to ischemic damage reflects its high metabolic rate. Although the huma...

Tissue responses to ischemia

Exposure of most animals to low levels of environmental oxygen results in alveolar hypoxia and reliably causes chronic pulmonary hypertension and morphological alterations of the precapillary pulmonary vessels (1–4). Chronic hypoxic exposure of animals has been used for decades to induce pulmonary vascular remodeling and, more recently, to assess the roles in this process of lipid mediators (5)...

Tissue responses to ischemia

Ischemic injury to predominantly epithelial organs such as the kidney remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. For example, in hospitalized patients with acute renal failure, it is estimated that around 50% of all cases are ischemic in origin (1). Nevertheless, progress in the medical management of this and other syndromes in which ischemia occurs has been slow. In part, this may be re...

Metabolic Responses to Ischemia

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is now commonly used for metabolic imaging in nuclear medicine. In nuclear cardiology, its use has been limited primarily to the assessment of myocardial viability with positron emission tomography (PET), although its potential utility is expanding on the basis of new applications and instrumentation. In particular, recent data may stimulate a renewed interest in t...

Tissue responses to ischemia: local and remote responses for preserving perfusion of ischemic muscle.