Bottom-up effects on Northern glaciation

Briefly on Bottom-up

These short notes provide descriptions and references relative to the construction of parsing tables for SLR(1), for LR(1), and for LALR(1) grammars. 1 Notation and basic definitions Basic definitions and notational conventions are summerized below. A context-free grammar is a tuple G = (V, T, S,P), where the elements of the tuple represent, respectively, the vocabulary of terminal and nontermi...

Distinguishing Top-Down From Bottom-Up Effects

The distinction between top-down and bottom-up effects is widely relied on in experimental psychology. However, there is an important problem with the way it is normally defined. Top-down effects are effects of previously-stored information on processing the current input. But on the face of it that includes the information that is implicit in the operation of any psychological process – in its...

Spatial patterns of fixation : bottom - up effects

The choice of where to direct one's saccadic eye movements demands the integration of bottom-up image salience with top-down information of goals, motivation and past experience of reward. We previously described an eye movement search task that offered control of the subject's top-down drive for saccade choice (Chukoskie, et. al. SFN 2005). Here, we manipulate the visual image to similarly con...

Soft-bottom decapod and stomatopod crustaceans of Northern Cyprus coast

Northern Hemisphere Glaciation during the Globally Warm Early Late Pliocene

The early Late Pliocene (3.6 to ∼3.0 million years ago) is the last extended interval in Earth's history when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were comparable to today's and global climate was warmer. Yet a severe global glaciation during marine isotope stage (MIS) M2 interrupted this phase of global warmth ∼3.30 million years ago, and is seen as a premature attempt of the climate system to estab...