Both Polymorphic Variable Number of Tandem Repeats and Autoimmune Regulator Modulate Differential Expression of Insulin in Human Thymic Epithelial Cells

Both Polymorphic Variable Number of Tandem Repeats and Autoimmune Regulator Modulate Differential Expression of Insulin in Human Thymic Epithelial Cells

OBJECTIVE Polymorphic INS-VNTR plays an important role in regulating insulin transcript expression in the human thymus that leads to either insulin autoimmunity or tolerance. The molecular mechanisms underlying the INS-VNTR haplotype-dependent insulin expression are still unclear. In this study, we determined the mechanistic components underlying the differential insulin gene expression in huma...

Both Polymorphic VNTR and AIRE Modulate Differential Expression of Insulin in Human Thymic Epithelial Cells

Additional information for this article can be found in an online appendix at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties...

Identification of embryonic precursor cells that differentiate into thymic epithelial cells expressing autoimmune regulator

Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) expressing autoimmune regulator (Aire) are critical for preventing the onset of autoimmunity. However, the differentiation program of Aire-expressing mTECs (Aire(+) mTECs) is unclear. Here, we describe novel embryonic precursors of Aire(+) mTECs. We found the candidate precursors of Aire(+) mTECs (pMECs) by monitoring the expression of receptor activato...

Thymic Epithelial Function Controls the Expression of Genes Critical for The Autoimmune Regulator Directly

Insulin-like growth factor 1 gene (CA)n repeats and a variable number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene in Brazilian children born small for gestational age

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of (CA)n repeats in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene and a variable number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene on birth size in children who are small or adequate-sized for gestational age and to correlate these polymorphisms with serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and insulin sensitivity in children who are small for gestational age, with an...