Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity.

Bluetongue (BT) virus, an orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe ...

West Nile Virus: Immunity and Pathogenesis

West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic, arthropod-borne flavivirus that is maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and birds, but can also infect and cause disease in horses and humans. WNV is endemic in parts of Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, and since 1999 has spread to North America, Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean. WNV infects the central nervous system (CNS)...

Interferon induction by bluetongue virus and bluetongue virus ribonucleic acid.

EKSTEEN, P. A . L. & HUISMAN S, H. Interferon induction by bluetongue virus and bluetongue virus ribonucleic acid. Onderstep oort]. vet . R es. 39(3), 125-132 (1972). The stimulation of interferon synthesis by bluetongue virus and by bluetongue virus ribonucleic acid was investigated in order to determine if there is a difference in the mechanism of induction. The molecular mass of the interfer...

Sindbis virus as a human pathogen: Epidemiology, virology, genetic susceptibility and pathogenesis

Animal Models of Zika Virus Infection, Pathogenesis, and Immunity.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that now causes epidemics affecting millions of people on multiple continents. The virus has received global attention because of some of its unusual epidemiological and clinical features, including persistent infection in the male reproductive tract and sexual transmission, an ability to cross the placenta during pregnancy and in...