منابع مشابه
Black-boxing and cause-effect power
Reductionism assumes that causation in the physical world occurs at the micro level, excluding the emergence of macro-level causation. We challenge this reductionist assumption by demonstrating that, once causal power is properly defined and measured, it is possible for a macro level to “beat” the micro level. Here, this was done through a principled, well-defined measure of intrinsic cause-eff...
متن کاملDistended oesophagus as a cause of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.
We report an unusual case of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy caused by gross oesophageal distension due to achalasia.
متن کاملBlack necrotic oesophagus following the use of biodegradable stent for benign oesophageal stricture
Biodegradable stents are increasingly being used for benign oesophageal conditions that include refractory strictures and perforations. Acute oesophageal necrosis has been reported with various other conditions but none due to the insertion of biodegradable stents. A 58-year-old male presented as an acute emergency in severe haemodynamic shock. Investigations confirmed an oesophageal perforatio...
متن کاملOesophageal cancer is an uncommon cause of death in patients with Barrett's oesophagus.
BACKGROUND Barrett's oesophagus carries a 30-fold to 40-fold increased risk of oesophageal cancer. It is unknown whether endoscopic surveillance programmes reduce mortality from oesophageal cancer. METHODS A cohort study was undertaken of all 166 patients in whom the diagnosis Barrett's oesophagus had been established between 1973 and 1986. RESULTS One hundred and fifty five of 166 patients...
متن کاملOESOPHAGUS Direct measurement of acid permeation into rat oesophagus
Background and aims: The early responses of the oesophageal mucosa to acid perfusion may predict subsequent pathology. Mucosal responses to luminal acid may result either from acid permeating through the mucosa or from other unknown transduction mechanisms. In order to better understand the dynamics of acid permeation into the oesophageal mucosa, we measured interstitial pH (pHint) of the oesop...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Gut
سال: 2005
ISSN: 0017-5749
DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.044784