Biowaste-derived electrode and electrolyte materials for flexible supercapacitors

• Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from brewery residues. CNCs used as building blocks for physically crosslinked hydrogel electrolytes. The electrolyte maintained excellent mechanical stability at various deformations. Animal bone was converted into ultra-high specific surface area porous carbon (PC) and electrode material. demonstrated symmetric flexible supercapacitor delivers superior power density energy density. One of the key challenges in development storage devices relates to material sourcing harmony with clean technologies. Herein, cellulose (CNC) residues are transparent after physical cross-linking aluminum ions (Al 3+ ). (Al-CNC) exhibits an ultrahigh ionic conductivity (?24.9 mS cm ?1 ), high optical transmittance (?92.9% 550 nm wavelength), outstanding compression strength (3.9 MPa a 70% strain), tolerates deformations (e.g., twisting, folding, rolling). Meanwhile, animal biowaste is synthesize electrodes (?879 m 2 g ) that effective delivering capacitance (?804 F 1 A fully renewable assembled by sandwiching Al-CNC between two bone-derived PC (PC//Al-CNC//PC). obtained device displays (18.2 Wh kg 425 W exceptional (20 833 7.1 ?92% retention 6 000 cycles 5 . We further biowaste-derived high-performance supercapacitors their durability reliable electrochemical performance under bending cycles. All combined, shown be ideally suited applications.