Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Vanillin is a flavorful and aromatic secondary metabolite found in vanilla plants. Natural vanillin, produced through processed beans accounts for scarcely 0.2% of industrial requirements. via chemical methods microbial fermentation fills the remaining gap. Among naturally available precursors biovanillin synthesis, ferulic acid widely used because its structural similarity abundant availability. Herein, various agricultural lignocellulosic by-products (sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice bran, corn cob) were scrutinized their content, biotransformation into was examined by solid-state (SSF). Then, different physicochemical parameters, i.e., moisture pH, temperature, inoculum size, incubation days, optimized to achieve high yield using central composite design (CCD) response surface methodology (RSM). tested, sugarcane bagasse 0.029 g/100 g Enterobacter hormaechei SSF. After optimization, highest concentration (0.476 g) achieved at content 70%, temperature 37.5 °C, pH 7.5, size 4 mL time 48 h. The F-value 6.10 p-value 0.002 evidenced ultimate significance model. constructed model supported 91.73% coefficient determination (R2), indicating that effects moisture, significant. HPLC FTIR confirmed sample identification purity (was reported be 98.3% pure). In conclusion, appears cost-effective substrate choice large-scale production.