Biosimilars: How similar or dissimilar are they? (Review Article)

How similar are they? rethinking electoral congruence

Electoral continuity and discontinuity have been a staple of voting research for decades. Most researchers have employed Pearson’s r as a measure of congruence between two electoral outcomes across a set of geographic units. This paper argues that that practice should be abandoned. The correlation coefficient is a measure of linearity, not similarity, and is almost always the wrong measure. The...

Toxic Christmas and New Year Holiday Plants...or Are They?

Background: Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), holly (Ilex opaca) and mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens) adorn homes during the Christmas and New Year holiday season and create the potential for curious children to sample their colorful leaves and enticing berries. This study was aimed to review the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Poison Data System (AAPCC NPDS) to des...

Nanorattles or yolk-shell nanoparticles--what are they, how are they made, and what are they good for?

The development of nanotechnology has led to the design of cutting-edge nanomaterials with increasing levels of complexity. Although "traditional" solid, uniform nanoparticles are still the most frequently reported structures, new generations of nanoparticles have been constantly emerging over the last several decades. The outcome of this nano-art extends beyond nanomaterials with alternative c...

How Reliable Are They?

We studied the frequency of malfunction, variability in rate of nebulization, and effect of this variability on aerosol particle size of eight disposable jet nebulizer models produced by six manufacturers. Four of eight models showed visual signs of malfunction, including spraying of large, individually visible droplets, leaking of nebulizer solution, and air leaks that completely prevented neb...

Are Biosimilars Identical to the Reference Products?