Biological aspects, exploitation rates, and spawning potential ratio of scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) in Lampung Bay waters, Indonesia

Abstract The scalloped hammerhead shark is an endangered species that listed in CITES Appendix II. Information on the biological aspects, exploitation rate, and spawning potential ratio of sharks are very limited, especially Lampung Bay waters. These data were important to find solutions best management sustain Indonesia, aim this study investigate rates, ratios water. Scalloped samples collected from catch bottom gillnet Kalianda Fish Landing Place, Province. Enumerators biometric (length weight) 332 July November 2020. Biological aspects include distribution length, length-weight (L-W) relationships, length at first capture, maturity. utilization rate was calculated using (E) estimated SPR based data. results show ranged 37.5 173.0 cm FL. Most fish had not spawned yet or immature ( L c =47.1 FL; m =89.4 FL). growth pattern allometrically negative. have natural mortality 0.18/year, while fishing 1.08/year. status fully exploited (E=0.85), stocks a recruitment overfishing condition. findings indicate effective required ensure sustainability waters, such as adjusting mesh size, season, avoiding capture nursery area.