Biological and in vitro effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) extract on second and third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura

Spodoptera litura is a major threat to agricultural crops all over the world including Pakistan. It has developed resistance several chemicals, especially synthetic insecticides. Plant based chemicals like extracts may serve as suitable and alternative biocontrol methods for pests in future. The current study was conducted determine biology of S. on cabbage effects two botanicals i.e. Azadirachta indica Eucalyptus globulus against 2nd 3rd instar larvae controlled conditions. incubation period pest 3-4 days. average mean developmental 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th larval 2.44±0.71, 2.32±0.74, 3.43±0.68, 2.76±0.80, 2.40±0.79 days, respectively. pre-ovipositional, ovipositional females 2.04-3.58 2.89-5.71 days total life cycle 30.83-38.79 Significantly higher mortality recorded A. indica. percentage increased with an increase treatment time.