Biohydrometallurgical Recovery of Metals from Waste Electronic Equipment: Current Status and Proposed Process

Electronic waste (e-waste) is an emerging health and environmental burden due to the toxic substances present within e-wastes. To address this burden, e-wastes contain various base, rare earth noble metals, which can be recovered from these substances, thus serving as secondary sources of metals. Pyrometallurgical hydrometallurgical processes have been developed extract metals e-waste. However, techniques are energy-intensive produce wastes, will add operating costs process. biohydrometallurgical approach has deemed eco-friendly, cost-effective, environmentally friendly process that does not large quantities waste. research focused chiefly on one-stage bioprocesses recover interest majorly base recovery. Hence, review proposes a two-stage bio-hydrometallurgical where first stage consist acidophilic iron sulphur oxidising organisms followed by second cyanide-producing for solubilisation precious The solid residue produced system used in synthesis silica nanomaterials, utilised applications.