Bias in reduced-form estimates of pass-through

Avoiding arbitrary exclusion restrictions using ratios of reduced-form estimates

We show how to obtain coherent structural-form (SF) exclusion restrictions using the reduced-form (RF) parameter ratios. It will be shown that an over-identified SF corresponds to a group of regressors sharing the same RF ratio value; those regressors should be excluded jointly from the SF. If there is no group structure, then the SF is just-identified; in this case, however, it is no longer cl...

NORMAL FORM SOLUTION OF REDUCED ORDER OSCILLATING SYSTEMS

This paper describes a preliminary investigation into the use of normal form theory for modelling large non-linear dynamical systems. Limit cycle oscillations are determined for simple two-degree-of-freedom double pendulum systems. The double pendulum system is reduced into its centre manifold before computing normal forms. Normal forms are obtained using a period averaging method which is appl...

Statistical Methods A NOTE ON BIAS IN REDUCED RANK ESTIMATES OF COVARIANCE MATRICES

Fitting only the leading principal components allows genetic covariance matrices to be modelled parsimoniously, yielding reduced rank estimates. If principal components with non-zero variances are omitted from the model, genetic variation is moved into the covariance matrices for residuals or other random effects. The resulting bias in estimates of genetic eigen-values and -vectors is examined.

an investigation into iranian teachers consistency and bias in evaluation of students writings

while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...

Bias in estimates of seat belt effectiveness.